Describe the various assessment techniques and methods for special children. - Different Procedures and Techniques for Exceptional Children.
The purpose of assessment is to obtain information about all areas of the speaker (cognitive, affective and functional aspects). For this, various methods are used in this process. The main methods of evaluation for special children are as follows:
(1) Observation
( 2 ) Rating Scale
(3) Oral Tests
(4) Written Test
(1) Inspection - By this method the intellectual ability of the child is ascertained. They can solve the problems in their life or not. Observation learns from his information that the child is ready to face any situation. For this he (teacher) can use the methods of account record, assessment scale, sociometry etc. When this method is used at the initial stage, it becomes effective. So it is very useful at the primary level.
(2) Rating Scale- How much progress has been made in the child, how much he knows about the problems of his society, country. Rating scale method is used to determine this. Rating scale methods are important in finding out what skills the child has developed. In this, the child's thinking level is tested. Therefore, it is the primary Cannot be used for children of higher level.It is used only at higher level.
(3) Oral examination - To find out how far the child has accepted the teaching, his oral examination is done. In this, the teacher can ask subject-related questions. Can clarify. In this one has to see and develop the power of his contemplation. This method is the best method of evaluation. What was the effect of the teacher's teaching on the child and if it did not happen, then why it did not happen, it is known. The child shows his change verbally.
(4) Written Examination - In this method, the child's high thinking power, imagination power, memory power are known. It can be used in two ways-
(1) Essay
(2) Objective.
In the essay test, questions are given to the child to analyze the subject matter. What is the meaning, intent, intent, etc. of these questions? In this, the child has to analyze the said fact by constructing new words on his own behalf. The teacher evaluates the article by reading it. In objective, emphasis is given on the memory power of the child. It consists of multiple choice questions in which the child has to select the correct answer based on nature. Reliability and validity are found in these types of examinations. The reasoning side, thinking side, memory side of the child are evaluated through both the examinations. Hence both the methods are suitable. Psychology has divided the appropriate methods of evaluation into many methods. Due to this, there is no such aspect of the child left which is related to his life and which is not evaluated.
Therefore, education psychology has expanded the above mentioned techniques into the following methods and also changed the names.
(i) Standardized Methods – In this method psychological testing is done. Testing is done keeping in mind the needs of the child. The marking of the test is important in these types of tests. The place of the child is decided on the basis of marks. Therefore, there is cooperation of many psychologists in this method and they have included the following tests under this method.
(1) IQ test,
(2) Personality test,
(3) Aptitude Test,
(4) Aptitude test, and
(5) Execution credit test.
By using the above mentioned intelligence, personality, aptitude, aptitude, achievement etc. on all the aspects, their characteristics, rules, principles have been rendered.
(ii) Unstandardized methods - Unstandardized methods are student and teacher-oriented. The student is the center point. It includes the following methods
(1) Cumulative graph,
(2) Interview,
(3) Sociometry,
(4) Questionnaire,
( 5 ) Projection Methods ,
( 6) progress report,
( 7) Autobiography ,
( 8 ) Assessment value.
