Explain the salient features of the National Education Policy of 1986. Explain the main features of the National Education Policy of 1986. Or do it Explain the National System of Education as advocated is National Policy of Education 1986.
National Policy of Education -1986 [ National Policy of Education - 1986 ]
In January 1985, the then Prime Minister Late. Shri Rajiv Gandhi has announced that a new education policy will be prepared for the nation. Before the formulation of the new education policy, in August 1985, the Government of India, a document titled 'Challenge of Education: A Policy Prespective', is not the final statement of the education policy, but it prepared the basis for nationwide discussions. document to do. This will facilitate the formulation of new education policy. There was considerable discussion on this document in the whole society and various sections - intellectual, social, political, business, administrative etc. expressed their reactions. In 1986, the Government of India prepared and issued the draft Education Policy, 1986. This education policy was divided into twelve sections.
(1) Preface,
(2) The essence and role of education,
(3) National education system
(4) education for equality,
(5) Reorganization of education at different levels
(6) Technical and Management Education,
(7) To make the education system effective,
(8) To give a new twist to the subject matter and process of education,
( 9 ) teacher ,
(10) The provision of education,
( 11 ) Resources and Reviews and
(12) The future. The policy ideas contained in the various points of these volumes are as follows: Introduction Since the beginning of human history, education has been developing and spreading in various ways. Each country develops its own special education system to express and flourish its socio-cultural identity as well as to face the challenges of the times, but sometimes in the history of the country there comes a time when long-standing There is a need to give a new direction to the processes. Today is that time. Our country has reached the point in economic and technological terms, where by using the accumulated resources so far, ensure the question of benefiting every section of the society. Education is the main means to reach that goal. Keeping this objective in mind, the Government of India had announced in January 1985 that a new education policy would be formulated. The current state of education was reviewed and a nationwide debate took place on it. Suggestions and ideas were received from various sources, on which contemplation was done. The Education Policy of 1968 and then the Education Policy of 1968 was an important step in the post-independence education history. his aim was
(i) to increase the progress of the nation,
(ii) To strengthen the sense of common citizenship and culture and national unity,
(iii) All-round reconstruction of the education system,
(iv) raising the quality of education at each level,
(v) To develop science and technology,
(vi) To inculcate moral values and
(vii) To establish a deep relationship between education and life.
(i) Adoption of uniform structure of education and system of 10 + 2 + 3 on the implementation of this policy across the country resulted in the following,
(ii) the provision of equal education to the students in the school curriculum,
(iii) To make science and mathematics compulsory subjects, to give important place to work experience,
(iv) The process of changing the curriculum at the undergraduate level began, centers of higher learning were established for post-graduate education and research, (vi) and (vii) important steps were taken to meet the needs of educated manpower. But the above achievements are important in themselves, but it is also true that most of the suggestions of the Education Policy of 1962 could not be implemented, because there were no concrete plans for implementation, neither clear responsibilities were fixed nor financial and organizational arrangements. Could be The result was that important work like reaching, improving and expanding education and mobilizing economic resources could not be done for various years and today these shortcomings have taken the form of a big pile. It is the need of the hour to solve these problems. The present situation has brought education at a crossroads. Now neither the normal expansion that has happened so far nor the current methods or pace of improvement will work. According to Indian ideology, man is a valuable asset in himself, a priceless national resource. The need is that its upbringing should be dynamic and sensitive. Each person has his own unique personality. Every situation of life from birth till death has its own problems and needs. For education to make its catalytic contribution in this complex and dynamic process of development, it is necessary to plan very carefully and implement it completely. Today India is passing through such a phase from political and social point of view, which has threatened the degradation of traditional values and equal obstacles are coming in the achievement of the goals of socialism, secularism, democracy and business ethics. In the absence of day-to-day facilities in the villages, educated youths are not ready to live in the villages. Therefore, there is a great need to reduce the gap between rural and urban life and to provide various and wide sources of employment in rural areas. The increasing pace of population will have to be controlled in the coming decades. this problem . To solve this, women have to be literate and educated. Human resources will have to be developed in a new way to deal with the new stresses of the next decades. Therefore, to deal with these new challenges and social needs, the Government of India prepared the framework of the national education system in the draft of a new education policy.
The Essence and Role of Education
1. 'Education for all' is absolutely necessary in our national perspective. It is the basic requirement of our physical and spiritual development.
2. Education is the medium of making Sanskrit. It intensifies our sensitivity and vision, through which national unity flourishes, the possibility of application of scientific temper increases and freedom comes in understanding and thinking. At the same time, education helps us to move forward in achieving the goals of socialism, secularism and democracy enshrined in our constitution.
3. Through education, manpower is developed as per the requirement for different levels of the economic system. Research and development is supported on the basis of education, which is the cornerstone of national self-reliance.
4. It would be correct to say that education is the main means of building the present and the future. This principle has been considered as the pivot of the formulation of national education policy. National System of Education The principles on which the national education system has been envisaged are implicit in our theory. The main features of this education system are as follows
1. The basic principle of the national education system is that up to a certain level, almost the same quality education is available to every student regardless of caste, religion, place or sex. To achieve the said goal, the government will undertake appropriately funded programs . Effective steps will be taken towards implementing the Common School System recommended in the 1968 policy.
2. Under the national education system, the structure of 10 + 2 + 3 has been accepted for the whole country. In relation to the first ten years of this structure, an effort will be made to divide it into elementary education for 5 years at the primary level and 3 years at the upper primary level and then 2 years at the high school.
3. The national education system will be based on the framework of a National Curriculum for the whole country with a 'Common Core' and flexibility regarding other elements that can be adapted to the local environment and environment . The 'Common Center' will have elements related to the history of Indian independence movement, constitutional obligations and national identity. These elements will be preserved in such a way that national values can be developed. These national values will include the following: common cultural heritage of India, democracy, secularism, protection of environment between men and women, social equality, removal of social barriers, limited equality, importance of family and development of scientific temper. All educational programs will be organized according to the values of secularism.
4. The new education system should strengthen the worldview in the coming generations, as well as develop the spirit of international cooperation and peaceful co-existence.
5. In order to realize the objective of equality, not only equal opportunity of education will be provided to all in the national education system, but equal opportunities will be provided to all to achieve success in education. Therefore, the aim of the national education system is to eliminate the prejudices and frustrations arising out of the social environment and the coincidence of birth.
6. The minimum level of education to be given at each stage will be fixed. Such measures will also be taken so that students can understand the culture, traditions and social system of different parts of the country. The youth will be encouraged to recognize the glory and dignity of the country according to their imagination and understanding.
7. Efforts will be made to promote contact language in the country.
8. Arrangements will be made to give equal opportunities to every student who has the ability to get higher education, general and technical education in particular. Along with this, the facility of studying from one area to another will be given. Universal character will be emphasized in universities and other institutions of higher education.
9. Special arrangements will be made to establish a wide network among various institutions of the country in the subjects of research, development and science and technical education so that they can participate in projects of national importance by including their own resources. .
10. To reduce the inequalities in education, for the universalization of primary education, for adult literacy, on science and technology for the reconstruction of education. The responsibility of raising resources for research for such other goals is the responsibility of the whole nation.
11. Lifelong education is the fundamental goal of the educational process and public literacy is a different part of it. Opportunities will be provided to youth, housewives, farmers, laborers, traders etc. to continue their education as per their choice and convenience. Therefore, the future will be an important part of the education system. In the coming years, the following institutions will play an important role in the development of the national education system.
1. University Grants Commission
2. All India Technical Council
3. Indian Council of Agricultural Research
4. Medical Council of India
5. National Council of Educational Research and Training
6. National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration
7. International Science and Technology
Educational Institutions All the above institutions will be connected through an integrated scheme so that functional relations can be established among themselves and the programs of research and postgraduate education can be strengthened. Education for Equality The new education policy will lay special emphasis on removing inequalities and providing equal opportunities for education keeping in mind the special needs of the hitherto marginalised.
1. Education for Women's Equa lity - For this the following steps will be taken
(i) Education shall be used as an instrument to bring about a fundamental change in the status of women.
(ii) Women related studies will be encouraged as part of various curricula and educational institutions will be motivated to start active programs of women development.
(iii) To spread literacy among women and to remove the barriers due to which girls are deprived of elementary education, top priority will be given.
(iv) The policy of non-discrimination between boys and girls will be implemented with full emphasis so that the gender stereotyping due to traditional attitudes in technical and vocational courses can be eliminated and To increase the share of women in non-traditional modern occupations. Similarly, the participation of women in existing and new technology will also be increased.
2. Education of Scheduled Castes: Emphasis will be given on the educational development of the Scheduled Castes so that they can come at par with the non-Scheduled Caste people. Under this objective, measures have been considered in the new policy.
(i) Such incentives should be given to poor families so that they can send their children to school regularly till the age of 14 years.
(ii) A pre-matric scholarship scheme will be started from class I for the children of families engaged in occupations such as cleaning, skinning and tanning.
(iii) To pay special attention to the appointment of teachers of Scheduled Castes.
(iv) Progressively increasing the hostel facilities for the students belonging to the Scheduled Castes at the district centres.
(v) to pay special attention to the convenience of Scheduled Castes persons while choosing the location of school buildings, kindergartens and adult education centres.[
(vi) To use the resources of the National Rural Employment Program and the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program to expand educational facilities for the Scheduled Castes.
(vii) To continue exploring innovative ways to increase the inclusion of Scheduled Castes in the process of education.
(c) Education of Scheduled Tribes - The following steps to bring these tribes at par with other people. Will be picked up immediately
(i) Priority will be given to opening primary schools in tribal areas.
(ii) Initially education will be given through tribal languages.
(iii) By giving training to educated talented tribal youths, incentives will be given to become teachers in their area.
(iv) A large number of Ashramshalas and residential schools will be opened.
(v) In the scholarships given for higher education, more importance will be given for technical and vocational studies.
(vi) Anganwadis, non-formal education centers and adult education centers will be opened in tribal dominated areas on priority basis.
(vii) Consciousness about the rich cultural identity and immense creative talent of the tribals will be an essential part of courses at all levels.
(d) Other Educationally Backward Sections and Areas - Appropriate encouragement will be given to all the backward classes from the point of view of education, especially in rural areas. Adequate number of educational institutions will be opened in hilly and desert districts, in remote and inaccessible areas and in islands.
(e) Minorities - Some sections of the minorities are quite backward and deprived in the race of education. Social justice and equality demand that full attention should be paid to the education of such classes. The rights given to them in the constitution to protect their language and culture and to establish and run their educational institutions are also included in this. Simultaneously, objectivity will be maintained in the preparation of text books and in all school activities and all possible efforts will be made to promote unity on the basis of national goals and ideals in accordance with the Common Centered Education (Core. Curriculum).
(r) Handicapped - • The purpose of education should be to physically and mentally handicapped so that they can walk shoulder to shoulder with the society. The following measures will be taken in this regard with children.
(i) If the disability is of extremity or minor, the education of such children shall be normal.
(ii) Arrangement of hostel schools will be made for seriously handicapped children. Such schools will be established at district headquarters.
(iii) Adequate arrangements for vocational training shall be made for the handicapped. Will be done .
(iv) To encourage in every possible way voluntary efforts for the education of the handicapped.
(v) also assist the teachers in the training programs of teachers, mainly of primary classes. A new look will be given so that they understand the difficulties of children with disabilities properly and strengthen them by reviewing the existing programs of R1 Adult Education. The whole country has to be prepared for eradication of illiteracy. A comprehensive program of adult and continuing education will be implemented using various methods and media. Under this the following types of programs will be covered
(i) Establishment of continuing education centers in rural areas
(ii) Education of workers through employers, trade unions and concerned government agencies.
(iii) Continuing education by institutions of higher education.
(iv) Use of radio, television and films as means of mass education and group education.
(v) Programs of Distance Learning.
(vi) Arrangement of assistance in self-study and self-learning.
(vii) Vocational training programs based on need and interest.
(viii) Creation of student groups and organizations
(ix) Large scale encouragement to the writing and publication of books and to libraries and reading rooms. ,
Reorganization of Education at Different Stages Nutritious food and health and social, mental, physical, moral and emotional development of children have to be seen in an integrated manner. From this point of view the emphasis will be on the following
(i) Special attention will be given to the care and education of children and it will be linked to the Integrated Child Development Services Program.
(ii) Centers for child care will be opened in the context of universalization of primary education.
(iii) The centers of child care and education shall be completely child-centred.
(iv) Full cooperation of the local community will be taken in this program.
(v) fully integrated child care and pre-primary education programs
2. Elementary Education - In the new direction of elementary education, two things will be emphasized.
(a) 14 years old Enrollment of all children up to age in schools and their stay in school, and (
b) Significant improvement in the quality of education.
(i) The atmosphere of the school shall be made full of love, belonging and encouragement.
(ii) The education system of the child shall be child centered and activity based.
(iii) At the primary level, the practice of not failing children in any class shall be continued.
(iv) The assessment shall be spread throughout the year.
(v) Corporal punishment shall be completely removed from the system of education.
(vi) Necessary facilities will be arranged in primary schools. In the action plan of 1986, the plan of Operation Black Board was implemented under this.
Non-Formal Education - Children who have dropped out of school or who live in places where there is no school or who are engaged in work and girls who cannot attend day school full time, these A massive and systematic non-formal education program will be run for all.
(i) To improve the learning process in non-formal education centers, the help of modern technology equipment will be provided.
(ii) Local youths and girls will be selected to work as instructors for these centres.
(iii) To get education in this stream (informal), children will be able to get admission in the schools of formal stream according to the merit.
(iv) Efforts will be made to convert informal stream education to formal stream education. make equivalent
(v) An education program will be prepared for non-formal education system like 'National Central Education Program'. But this curriculum will be based on the needs of the students.
(vi) High quality teaching material will be provided free of cost to the students. will be given a place.
(vii) In the program of non-formal education, sports, cultural programs, excursions etc.
(viii) The work of operation of non-formal education centers will be done by voluntary organizations and institutions of Panchayati Raj, but the finances will be made by the government. It will be ensured that by 1990 the children who will attain the age of 11 years must get 5 years of education in school or its equivalent in formal stream. Similarly, free and compulsory education will be provided to all children up to the age of 14 by 1995.
3. Secondary Education - At the level of secondary education, students begin to have knowledge of the specific roles of science, humanities and social sciences. It is at this stage that children can be properly given history and national perspective. At the same time, they should also be made aware of their constitutional obligations and rights of citizens. Through good curriculum, values of action and compassionate social culture should be inculcated consciously in them. At this stage, manpower should be mobilized for the economic development of the country through education of vocations in special institutions and through restructuring of secondary education. The following steps will be taken to make secondary education accessible and strengthen it. Valuable speed setting schools - It is a common thing that children who have special talents or aptitudes, should be given opportunities to move forward faster by providing them with good education. For the fulfillment of this objective, speed-determining schools will be established in different parts of the country on a prescribed structure. In these, there will be freedom to adopt and use new methods. Generally the aim of these schools will be to bring excellence in education with equity and social justice. There will be reservation in these schools for scheduled castes and tribes. In these schools, talented children from different parts of the country, mainly from rural areas, will learn together and develop a sense of national integration. In these schools, children will get the opportunity to develop their abilities to the fullest. These schools will act as a catalyst in the program of school improvement in the whole country. These schools will be residential and free. So far more than 400 such speed-setting (Navodaya Vidyalaya) schools have been established. Vocationalization - In the proposed restructuring of education, it is very important to strictly implement the program of systematic and well-planned vocational education. This will increase the ability of individuals to get employment. These days the imbalance in demand and supply of skilled workforce will end and such students will be able to get an alternative path, who are currently pursuing higher education without any special interest or purpose. Vocational education will be a special stream of education in itself, whose purpose will be to prepare the students for the chosen occupations in many fields. These courses are usually offered after secondary education. But this scheme will be kept flexible so that students can take such courses even after class VIII. Industrial training institutes will also be run according to the structure of large vocational education so that the facilities available in them can be fully availed. Health planning and health service management should be linked with the necessary manpower training for that area. This will require vocational courses in health. By getting health education at the primary and middle level, the person will be committed towards the family and the society. This will increase the interest of students in health related vocational courses at the higher secondary level. Similar courses will be prepared in the field of agriculture, marketing, social services etc. Emphasis should be placed on such attitudes, knowledge and skills in vocational education, which will encourage entrepreneurship and self-employment.
(i) Appropriate programs will be started for the disabled.
(ii) The responsibility of setting up vocational courses or institutions shall lie on the Government and the employers in the public and private sectors
. (iii) The government will take necessary steps to meet the needs of women, rural and tribal students and the marginalized sections of the society.
,(iv)can progress in career and can get admission in the courses of general technical and high level professions.
(v) Informal, flexible and need-based vocational programs will also be run for newly educated people, youth who have completed primary education, school dropouts and persons engaged in employment or part-employment. Special attention will be given to women in this regard.
(vi) If the graduates of the academic stream of higher secondary schools, if they so desire, arrangements will be made for them for higher level courses.
(vii) It is proposed that 10 percent of the students of higher secondary level should be enrolled in vocational curriculum by 1990 and 25 percent by 1995.
(viii) Vocational courses will be reviewed regularly.
(ix) In order to promote diversification of courses at the secondary level, the government will also reconsider the recruitment policy under it.
4. Higher Education - Higher education gives people an opportunity to reflect on the problems faced by mankind in the social, economic, cultural, moral and spiritual sphere. Higher education helps in the development of the nation by dissemination of specialized knowledge and skills. Therefore, it has a decisive role in the life of the society. Being at the top of the educational pyramid, it also has a significant contribution in preparing teachers for the entire education system. In view of the unprecedented explosion of knowledge, higher education has to be made more dynamic. Along with this, continuous steps will have to be taken in unknown study areas. Work will have to be done to strengthen the existing higher education institutions (universities and colleges) and to expand their facilities. By reducing the contract, giving autonomy to a large number of colleges will be encouraged, along with autonomy and independence, accountability will also be there.
(i) To meet the demand of specialization in the best way, the courses and programs will be prepared afresh, education councils will be formed to complete them.
(ii) Planning of higher education at the state level and coordination in higher education institutions.
(iii) To monitor the level of education, the University Grants Commission (U.G.C.) and the said councils will make coordination systems.
(iv) Arrangements will be made for minimum necessary facilities in educational institutions and admission in educational institutions will be done according to their intake capacity.
(v) Efforts will be made to change the teaching methods.
(vi) The use of audio-visual aids and electronic equipment will be started.
(vii) More assistance will be given for research in universities and steps will be taken to ensure its high quality.
(viii) Adequate assistance will be given for research in Indology, humanities and social sciences.
(ix) A national body will be established for higher education in general, agriculture, medicine, law and other professional fields with a view to develop interdisciplinary research.
(x) Efforts will also be made that the ancient knowledge of India should be penetrated and it should be linked with the contemporary situation. Open University and Distance Learning
(i) With a view to give more opportunities for higher education and to make education democratic, the system of open university has been started.
(ii) The Indira Gandhi National Open University established in 1985 will be strengthened for these purposes.
(iii) The development and expansion of this powerful instrument will have to be done with care and thoughtfulness. lay off degree
1. Steps will be taken to delink the degree from the job in some selected fields.
2. The scheme of de-employment of degree will be introduced in those services which should not be required by the University. With the implementation of this scheme, courses will be created based on the skills required for special tasks and this will do more justice to those candidates who have the ability to do special work but they cannot get that work because graduate candidates are unnecessarily required for it. Preference is given to.
3. A National Testing Service will be gradually introduced, along with the separation of jobs from degrees. Through this, the suitability of candidates for specific jobs will be checked voluntarily and this will establish standards of equivalent qualifications across the country.
4. This proposition should not be applied in specific professional fields like engineering, medicine, law, teaching etc. where the services of experts are required, the requirement of academic qualifications will remain. Rural University The new structure of the Rural University will be strengthened and it will be developed according to the revolutionary ideas of Mahatma Gandhi regarding education.
Technical and Management Education • While restructuring technical and management education, the kind of situation that is likely to happen at the beginning of the new century, it has to be kept in mind! Possible changes in the economy, social environment, production and managerial processes, rapid spread of knowledge and progress in science and technology have to be seen in this context.
(i) There is a great need of advanced technology and managerial manpower in the infrastructure and service sectors of the economy as well as in the unorganized rural sector. So the government has to pay attention to this.
(ii) Continuing education in both current and emerging technologies will be encouraged.
(iii) Manpower information system will be developed and strengthened.
(iv) Computer literacy programs will be organized on a large scale from the school level itself.
(v) Most of the common people today do not get technical and managerial education due to the present strict conditions of admission in formal courses. Distance education facilities including the use of mass media will be provided to such people. The technical and management education programs will be followed by a flexible modular methodology including polytechnic education. Adequate guidance and counseling service will also be provided for them.
(vi) Appropriate formal and informal programs for technical education will be prepared for the benefit of women, economically and socially weaker sections and handicapped.
(vii) Self employment should be accepted by the students as a career option. For this, they will be given entrepreneurship training, which will be arranged through modular and elective courses at degree and diploma level.
(vii) In order to meet the continuous need of updating the curriculum, new technologies and subjects will have to be introduced by innovation and old and meaningless subjects will be removed gradually.
(ix) With the aim of increasing the relevance of management education mainly in the non-regular and less organized field, document information on Indian experience and studies will be prepared by the management education system and suitable knowledge and education programs will be prepared for the above mentioned areas. .
(x) Many teachers and professionals will be required for vocational education, educational technology curriculum development etc. to emphasize on vocational education and its expansion. These programs will be started to meet this demand.
(xi) Some polytechnics in rural areas have started training weaker sections in productive occupations through the system of community polytechnics. This system will be evaluated and strengthened appropriately so that their quality and dissemination can be increased.
(xii) To make available all high technical manpower as a means of renewal of educational processes, which may prove useful in research and development.
(xiii) Appropriate arrangements will also be made to keep an eye on the changes in technology and to anticipate new inventions.
(xiv) Opportunities to build relationships of cooperation, collaboration and exchange between institutions operating at different levels in this area and the systems that use them will be fully exploited. Appropriate maintenance and an attitude to experiment and improve in everyday life will be systematically developed.
(xv) Technical and management education is expensive. The following measures will be taken to make it cost effective and achieve excellence.
1. High priority will be given to modernization and obsolescence will be removed. This will be adopted to increase the functional efficiency.
2. Institutions which have the ability to provide their services to the society and industries, will be encouraged to mobilize resources for themselves by giving them such opportunities. They will be equipped with the latest educational resources, libraries and computer facilities.
3. Adequate hostel arrangement will be made especially for girls. Facilities for sports, creative and cultural activities will be increased.
4. More effective procedures will be used in the recruitment of trainers. Career development opportunities, service conditions, consultancy norms and other facilities will be improved.
5. Teachers will have to play multifaceted roles - teaching, research, preparation of teaching materials and hand in the management of the institution, pre-service and in-service training will be mandatory for the faculty members.
6. Staff development programs will be integrated at the state level and coordinated at the regional and national levels.
7. To establish an active working relationship between technical institutions and industries. Efforts will be made.
8. The excellent work of institutions and individuals will be recognized and rewarded.
9. The emergence of substandard institutions will be prevented.
10. Educational, administrative and financial independence will be given to the selected institutions to different extent but at the same time, arrangements will be made for accountability for proper discharge of responsibility.
11 Technical education will be related to industry, research and development organizations, private and community development programs and other education sectors of complementary nature.
12. Professional unions will be encouraged and enabled to play their role in the progress of technical and management education.
13. All India Council for Technic Education (AICTE) will be made a constitutional body. Through this authority, the company will make arrangements for technical education.
(i) determine and maintain standards and standards and accreditation,
(ii) make financial arrangements for priority sectors,
(iii) monitor and evaluate,
(iv) discharge the certification and awards equitably and
(v) To establish coordination between technical and management education.
14. The commercialization of technical and vocational education will be stopped keeping in mind the maintenance of education proofs and many other valid reasons. As an alternative, a new method will be devised to incorporate private and voluntary efforts in these areas according to the accepted norms and social goals.
Making the System Work The following tips will be adopted to make the education system effective.
(i) More facilities to the teachers as well as more accountability of them.
(ii) Improvement in service to the students as well as emphasis on their right conduct.
(iii) To give more facilities to the educational institutions.
(iv) Creation of a system of evaluation of the work of educational institutions on the basis of the criteria fixed at the national and state level.
Reorienting the Content and Process of Education. At present, there is a gap between the formal system of education and the rich and diverse cultural traditions of the country which must be bridged. In the tune of modern technology, it should not be that the new generation should be cut off from the core of Indian history and culture. With the sense of lack of culture, inhumanity and alienation, we will have to promise at all costs. A beautiful coordination has to be established between the transformative technology and the cultural tradition of the country which is going on continuously. The curriculum and processes of education will be enriched in more and more ways by the incorporation of cultural content. Efforts will be made to increase the sensitivity of children towards aesthetic harmony and sophistication. Persons who have mastered the cultural tradition will be invited to contribute cultural elements to the education. This work will include both written traditions. To maintain and carry forward the cultural tradition, gurus and masters who teach in traditional ways will be assisted and their work will be recognized. Liaison will be established between the institutions. Due attention will be given to specific subjects like fine arts, museums, science, public university system and higher literature of art, archaeology, oriental studies etc. More arrangements will be made for education, training and research in these areas so that the shortage of persons with special qualifications required for them continues to be fulfilled. Education of Values: Deep concern is being expressed on the fact that the essential values of life are declining and people's faith in values is getting lost. There is a need for such a change in the education system so that education can become a powerful tool in the development of social and moral values. Our society is culturally multidimensional, so education should inculcate those universal and eternal values which can lead our people towards unity.
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These values should help in ending religious superstition, bigotry, intolerance, violence and fatalism. Along with this combative role, there is also a deeply positive approach to value education, based on our cultural heritage, national goal and universal vision, which should be emphasized in general.
(i) The question of development of languages was discussed in detail in the Education Policy of 1968. Now this policy will be implemented more actively and purposefully.
(ii) A nationwide campaign will be launched for the development of books as well as for the improvement of existing libraries and for the establishment of new libraries. Provision will be made for library facilities in every educational institution and the level of librarians will be improved.
(iii) Modern communication technology has made it possible to move ahead by overcoming many of the stages and sequences that education had to go through in earlier decades. With this technology it has become possible to overcome the ties of country and time. Our society should not be divided into two parts, for this it is necessary that educational technology reaches the rich sections as well as those areas which are more and more lacking at this time.
(iv) Such programs shall be produced primarily through educational technology that are relevant and culturally relevant. The resources existing in the country will be used for this purpose.
(v) Educational technology shall be used for useful information, for the training and re-training of teachers, for improving the quality of education and for creating awareness of art and culture and inculcating values of lasting . It will be used in both formal and non-formal education. Maximum use of existing infrastructure will be made. In villages where there is no electricity, battery or solar power pack will be used to run the program.
(vi) An active campaign will be launched to produce high quality programs and useful films for children. work experience
(1) Work Experience will be made an essential part of the education imparted at all levels.
(2) The work experience activities shall be based on the interests, abilities and needs of the students.
(3) The level of skills and knowledge will increase with the level of education, the experience gained by this will be very helpful in getting employment in future.
(4) Pre-professional programs offered at the secondary level will help in the selection of courses at the higher secondary level. Education and Environment There is an urgent need to create awareness about the environment and it should spread to all age groups and sectors of the society from conscious children. Environmental awareness should be a part of education in schools and colleges.
It will be included in the whole process of education. math - teaching
(1) Mathematics should be considered as a tool which can enable children to think, reason, analyze and express their point of view logically. Apart from being a distinct subject, Mathematics should be considered as a concomitant of any subject which requires analysis and reasoning.
(2) The teaching of mathematics shall be reorganized in such a way that it may be integrated with the tools of modern technology. Computer Education Now computers have started entering the schools. This will give an opportunity to the use of educational computers and will give a new direction to the process of learning and understanding the cause-effect relationship and the interaction of variables.
science education
1. Science education will be strengthened so that students can have a sense of curiosity. Develops abilities and values such as creativity, courage to question and aesthetic sense
2. The programs of science education shall be so designed that they develop the ability to solve problems and make decisions in the students and understand the relationship of science with health, agriculture industry and other aspects of life. Every effort will be made to make science education accessible to those who have been outside the purview of formal education till now.
Achievement of Sports and Physical Education
1. Sports and physical education are an integral part of the learning process and will be included in the assessment of the students.
2. The nationwide infrastructure of physical education and sports will be made a part of the education system.
3. Under this infrastructure, playgrounds and equipment will be arranged and teachers of physical education will be appointed.
4. Due emphasis will be given to mutual sports of India.
5. Efforts will be made to make arrangements for the education of Yoga in all the schools and in this view the teaching of Yoga will also be included in the teacher education.
Role of youth •
1. Youth will be given opportunities to participate in the work of national and social development through educational institutions and outside them also. It will be mandatory to participate in any one of the National Service Scheme, National Cadet Corps etc.
2. The youth will be encouraged to take up the work of development, improvement and expansion outside the institutions as well.
3. The National Service Personnel Scheme will be strengthened.
in the evaluation process
1. Evaluation of student work is an integral part of the learning and teaching process. As a part of a good educational policy, examinations should be used to improve the quality of education.
2. The examination shall be reformed in such a way that a valid and reliable method of evaluation emerges and it may serve as a powerful tool in the process of learning and teaching.
functionally it would mean
1. Eliminating the degree of excessive chance and subjectivity.
2. Removal of the emphasis on the roti.
3. Developing a continuous and complete evaluation process that incorporates both the Scholastic and the non-Scholastic aspects of education and is pervasive throughout the learning period.
4. Effective use of evaluation process by teachers, students and parents.
5. Improvements in the conduct of examinations.
6. Improvement in examination as well as improvement in teaching material and method of teaching.
7. Introduction of semester system in a sequential manner from secondary level.
8. Use of 'grade' in place of marks and
9. The system of institutional evaluation will be simplified and the abundance of external examinations will be reduced. The level of teachers in a society reveals its cultural-social vision. It has been said that no nation can rise above the level of its teachers. The government and the society should create such conditions which inspire the teachers to grow and create. Teachers should be given the freedom to experiment and devise appropriate methods of communication and new solutions to suit the problems and capabilities of their community. The system of recruitment of teachers will be changed in such a way that they can be selected individually on the basis of their merits and according to the requirements of their work. The salary and conditions of service of teachers should be commensurate with their social and professional responsibilities and should be such that an influential person should be attracted towards the teacher profession.
Efforts will be made to achieve the desirable objective of equality in service conditions and grievance redressal system throughout the country.
(i) Directive principles shall be made to bring neutrality in the posting and transfer of teachers.
(ii) A method of their evaluation will be decided which will be based on open data and facts and in which everyone will contribute.
(iii) Teachers will be given fair opportunities for promotion to higher grades.
(iv) Standards of accountability will be set.
(v) Good work will be encouraged and inaction discouraged.
(vi) Teachers will continue to play an important role in the formulation and implementation of educational programmes.
(vii) Teacher unions should play an important role in advocating professional integrity, enhancing teacher prestige and preventing professional abuse. National associations of teachers can create and enforce a professional code of conduct for teachers.
teachers' education
1. Teacher education is a continuous process and its pre-service and in-service parts cannot be separated. As a first step, the system of teacher education will be overhauled.
2. In the new program of teacher education, there will be emphasis on continuing education and the need to move forward according to the new directions of this education policy.
3. District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) will be established in which training of teachers of primary schools and workers of non-formal education and adult education will be done. will be arranged. With the establishment of these institutes, substandard training institutes were closed.
4. The status of selected secondary teacher training colleges will be increased so that they can serve as a complement to the State Educational Research and Training Councils.
5. The National Council for Teacher Education will be given strength and resources so that it can guide the Council and its methods. Teacher - be empowered to recognize institutions of education and their education
6. Arrangements will be made for the working of the institutions of teacher education and the education departments of the universities. High priority will be given to the reorganization of the system of education planning and management. The principles that will be kept in mind in this regard are as follows:
(i) to prepare a long-term perspective of the planning and management of education and to relate it to the developmental and manpower needs of the country;
(ii) to create a sense of decentralization and autonomy in educational institutions;
(iii) prioritizing public participation, which includes involvement of non-governmental agencies and voluntary efforts;
(iv) to involve more women in the planning and management of education;
(v) Establishment of the principle of accountability in relation to the objectives and norms given.
national level
1. The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) will review the educational development, ensure necessary changes to improve the education system and play a crucial role in the implementation supervision. The Board will work through appropriate committees and through processes designed for liaison and coordination between various areas of human resource development. Persons having vocational skills will be brought in to strengthen the education departments of the Center and the states.
2. The Indian Education Service should be constituted as an All India Service to create a suitable structure for the management of education and to bring it into the national perspective. The basic principles, duties and method of employment related to this service will be decided in consultation with the State Governments.
state level
1. State Governments will set up State Education Advisory Boards (SABEs) similar to the Central Advisory Board of Education.
2. Special attention will be paid to the training of educational organizers, administrators and institutions. For this purpose, institutional arrangements should be made at favorable stages.
district and local level
1. District Boards of Education will be established to manage education up to the higher secondary level and the State Governments will take action in this regard as soon as possible.
2. Central, state, district and local level agencies will participate in planning, coordinating, monitoring and evaluation at various levels of educational development.
3. Special attention will be paid to the selection and training of heads of institutions.
4. School complexes will be developed so as to become a medium of network among the educational institutions and help the teachers to increase their professional efficiency and adherence to the standards of duty. At the same time, through school associations, it should be possible for the concerned institutions to exchange experiences and build a partnership relationship in each other's facilities. He will also take over most of the responsibility of the inspection work.
5. Non-government and voluntary efforts, in which social workers are involved in the active community, will be encouraged and financial assistance will also be provided so that their management system is good. Along with this, such institutions will be stopped which are giving commercial form to education.
Resources and Review Education Commission (1964-66), National Policy on Education, 1968 and all others related to education have emphasized that our egalitarian objectives, practical and development oriented goals can be achieved onlyWhereas capital investment should be made in education according to the nature and dimensions of this work. To the extent possible, resources will be mobilized through these various means - collecting donations, taking the help of local people in the maintenance of buildings and supplies of daily use items, increasing the fees at higher education level and making better use of available resources. To use . The institutions which are working in the field of research or development of scientific manpower can raise some resources by levying cess or charge on the agencies using their work. Government and industry can be included in these agencies. All these measures will be taken not only to reduce the burden on the state resources, but will also be effective in creating a wider sense of accountability towards the public in the educational system, such as universalization of elementary education, prevention of illiteracy, across the country. To provide equal educational opportunities for all sections, to increase the social relevance of education, to increase the quality and functionality of educational programmes, to develop technology for self-sustaining economic development in knowledge and scientific fields, to maintain national identity. To create conscious awareness of the values considered essential. The harmful consequences of not investing the necessary capital or insufficient amount in education are indeed very serious. Similarly, the loss caused by neglect of vocational and technical education and research will be unacceptable. Due to non-performance of completely satisfactory level of work in these areas from the economy of our country, the network of institutions formed from time to time will need to be modernized in sufficient quantity and promptly as these institutions get old very fast. are going Keeping these imperatives in mind, education will be considered as an essential area of capital investment for national development and revival. In the National Policy on Education 1968, it was laid down that the investment on education should be increased gradually so that it could reach 6 percent of the national income as soon as possible. Since the level of capital invested on education has been much less than that target since then, it is very important that now more determination should be shown to meet the financial needs of the programs laid down in this policy. Although the actual needs will be estimated from time to time on the basis of taking stock of the progress of various programmes, capital investment to the extent necessary in the implementation of this policy will be increased to that extent only in the Seventh Five Year Plan. It will be ensured that starting from the Eighth Five Year Plan, it is always more than 6 percent of the national income. Review - The implementation of various aspects of the new education policy must be reviewed every five years. Implementation progress and emerging from time to time. There will also be medium term evaluations to check for trends. The Future The future form of education in India is so complex that it is not possible to make a clear outline about it. Nevertheless, given our traditions that have always valued intellectual and spiritual achievements, there is no doubt that we will be able to achieve our goals. The biggest task is to strengthen the foundation of the educational pyramid, the foundation that will have about a hundred million people by the end of this century. It is equally important to ensure that those at the top of the pyramid are of the best standard in the world. In the past, both these ends were well irrigated by the original sources of our culture, but due to foreign domination and influence, this process got disturbed. Now a nationwide effort of human resource development should start again in which education should play its multifaceted role fully.
