Visually Impaired Children
Meaning of Visually Impaired Children Visually impaired children are children who are not able to see properly. Some children can read rough printed books and they can do education in a normal environment. But severely visually impaired children who are unable to see objects cannot be educated by visual methods. Their vision is measured with the help of a Snellen chart. Visually impaired is defined as a defect of vision. Eye sight refers to the ability to see distant objects clearly. It is tested by 'Snellen chart'. This chart was developed by Hvart Snellen. This French resident Doctor This chart starts with a capital 'E' letter. With this, a person with normal vision can see clearly from 200 feet. If a person can see 20 feet clearly, then he is legally called completely blind. If someone's vision is assessed as 20/20, then he is considered to have good vision. Visually impaired means in the condition of his vision that how much he has the ability to see. How much does it affect the performance of school work? In other words, it can be said that how well he does the reading and writing tasks of the school. If the field of view is limited and his vision is 20/200 perfect, then it is said to be 'tunnel vision'.
Visual ability means that how well he can use his vision. All the information that the object sees is analyzed and interpreted, it is also called perception. Visual impairment practically creates various problems. Those who have low vision can read large letters, they do not have the benefit of sight-devices in reading and writing. Their vision does not exceed 20/70. The definition of low vision is clearly defined in terms of distance from the Snellen chart. Educationally, those who are completely visually impaired are called those who take advantage of learning from Braille script. These are also called printed interrupts. There is ease. Partially visually impaired are called those, which have been defined by the doctors of visual impairment in printed text, they go on the basis of the test of vision ability. Supposedly. A legal definition has also been given that who are considered visually impaired from the point of view of law, they are considered to be completely blind from the legal point of view-
(1) Those whose eyesight is 20/200 and less, their eyes should be better after correction.
(2) Or whose field of vision is limited and makes an angle of 20°. His eyes get better after the correction. Give the definition, it is as follows, in the Ministry of Social Welfare, Government of India (1987) visually impaired
(a) You have lost all your sight. be good Get tested with a slalon chart.
(b) Visually impaired should not exceed 6/60 or 20/20 and eyes with the use of glasses
(c) The field of vision is limited and an angle of 20° is formed and may be reduced to less than
On the basis of these definitions, visually impaired children were divided into two categories.
(1) Totally visually impaired or blind children and
(2) Visually impaired children have been defined in terms of education with partial or low vision - Visually impaired children are those who have lost their sight and can take advantage of Braille script, and other hearing aids, They are called partially obstructed walkers, who use printed text and visual educational material with the help of glasses. Visually impaired students have a wider range of abilities and experiences. There are different types of problems in their school. They have difficulty in walking, reading, and using visual aids. He feels by hearing and touching.
Characteristics of Visually Impaired Children: Vision is the most useful for human beings. The development of the cognitive side is based on the experiences of the vision. A person becomes limited in three ways. The visually impaired is deprived of the experience of the method of observation. His abilities are also limited, because he cannot walk. They cannot control their environment. Their relationships are also limited. Unable to take advantage of the social environment. Community attitudes and behaviors depend on traditions, beliefs and culture. Progress has been made in this direction due to the efforts of development and social welfare. Visually impaired are not given any importance in the society. Their self-concept and individual achievement are also of normal low level. The characteristics of visually impaired children are divided into three classes
(1) Language development
(2) Intellectual ability and
(3) Social and work adjustment
1. Language Development - There is no defect of language in visual impairment, because they can hear and speak. Speaking and listening are considered to be the main skills of language. They are more excited to learn the language. Through A, you can express yourself to parents and peers. They have communication abilities. Their language learning method is different from normal children, because normal children learn more by doing. Visually impaired are deprived of such experiences. Seeing, they are imitated. They are able to do this verbal expression. There is reality in the verbal expression, because knowledge is not experienced by the senses. The sight is impaired by hearing only the words, because the sense sense is not active. All the information and knowledge and It is based on the senses. It is not possible to perceive an object correctly. The fact is revealed by language. It cannot perceive colors. Their verbal perception is not internal. Their experiences are not complete, their perception hear and only seam It stays.
2. Intellectual Ability - Visually impaired children are not less than normal children in terms of mental ability. It is known from research works that if they are given proper education or if they can get the opportunity of education, then their intelligence output suddenly increases more. Cognitive abilities are also not less than normal, although the way of perceiving their learning is different. There is a lack of development of perception and lack of appropriate learning experiences. Visually impaired children are unable to perceive distance as they cannot see distance. The concept of distance is not developed in them. The sense of distance uses other senses instead of the sense of sight. Sometimes a sense of distance beauty develops in them. It estimates distance from time. They sense distance even by touch. The exact measurement of any celestial body is not possible. They are not able to see the stars, the moon etc. It is also difficult to make them understand the elephant. The knowledge of mountains, rivers, waterfalls and geographical units cannot be given. Similarly, there is an understanding of more subtle creatures. Does not happen . They can be given their knowledge in a relative form and are made aware that the development of concepts in visually impaired children is done through tactile experience. There are two different types of tactile experiences. First analysis tactile experience and second synthesis tactile experience.
(1) Under the analysis tactile experience, a visually impaired object makes a perception at the mental level by touching various parts.
(2) Under the synthesis tactile experience, the visually impaired touches small objects with their hands by touching them with one or both of their hands. Material objects are large, so synthesis tactile experiences are useful. A child with normal vision also sees the object as a whole and sees it in segments. It would have been difficult for the visually impaired to understand and understand the world. Is . The development of concentration is more in visually impaired children, concentration is affected by seeing. Listening skills are excellent. This substitutes for cognitive development in many ways. 3. Social and Work Adjustment, the personality problems of the visually impaired are not internal. If these kids make sure. The problem of inequality is due to social reasons. These children do not accept their adjustment to their peers. Often accept the severely visually impaired, but do not accept the less visually impaired. The severity of the interruption results in increased empathy. The behavior of the moderately visually impaired is negative towards other children. It is not necessary that this child should be more dependent on others like completely blind. Being dependent and helpless, the outlook of the society is sympathetic and accepts them.
