Guidance and Counseling
What is meant by guidance? Why is guidance needed? Describe the different types of path-darshan. Guidance
(Guidance) The word 'guidelines' is used in parallel with 'guidance'. Its general meaning is taken to help. According to Koos and Kefavour, 'guidance is the situation from which youths are divided for academic and professional achievements and adjust to the opportunities and circumstances received. Thus, according to Carmichael - effective education is guidance and the aim of real guidance is 'self-guideliness'. Every person has a problem of adjustment. He solves the problems according to his individual ability and sometimes due to lack of ability he fails in adjustment. In such a situation, a person needs guidance. Guidance is the process by which a person is helped in solving his adjustment problem. The problem of adjustment arises when the needs of the person are not fulfilled. In fact, the adjustment problem keeps on coming in life every day. Due to individual variation, the need for adjustment is felt. If the process of adjustment goes wrong then its form will be distorted. Adjustment requires guidance. The history of philosophy is as old as the human society, the individual and the society were divided according to their nature into classes and ashrams. The Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras were determined on the basis of the characteristics of the individual. In Gurukuls, students were given vocational education according to their interest. Plato and other thinkers in Greece recommended providing opportunities for development to talented people.
In the field of education, according to the Education Act passed in 1944 in England, the program of guidance was started in the school. Career masters were appointed in schools.
In America, the work of guidance started with the establishment of the Bread Winners Institute in 1905.
Parsons founded the Weston Vocation Viewer.
David Wheeler, Frederick, H. Allen, Mayer, Bloom, Field etc. carried forward the work of guidance.
After the Second World War in France, Germany etc., the work of guidance in the field of education started.
Governments gave national importance to the guidance program.
Guidance in India The work of guidance in India was started by Shri Sohanlal and K.G. Sayedan started.
In 1905 G.S. Under the chairmanship of Bose, practical psychology was opened in Calcutta, vocational guidance center was opened in Bombay.
Batliway operated this center. After that H.P. Mehta carried forward the guidance work in Bombay.
In 1952, a psychology laboratory was established at Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh. Psychology centers were also opened in Meerut, Kanpur, Vanaras, Bareilly, Lucknow. Today governments are running guidance centers in every state of India.
The psychology departments of universities are helping individuals by providing educational, vocational and personal guidance.
In the private sector also, many associations and individuals are contributing in taking forward the Bharg-Darshan program. Guidance: Definitions There is a great need for guidance in the field of education. Education is that process of society which brings necessary changes in the individual. If education is given keeping in mind the individual differences, then it is capable of fulfilling the all round development of the child. If not, then its reasons need to be investigated. If there are some defects in the person, then their solution is possible through guidance.
1. Arthur J, Jones- Guidance is the aid given to individuals in making wise choices and adjustments.
2. James Drever - The word display is used in three senses-
(1) Children's Guidance - which means medical, psychological, educational and psychotherapeutic and remedial organization and co-operation, which studies the behavioral or educational problems of children with complex or retarded.
(2) Pedagogical guidance - used in the context of primary schools in the sense of standardized mental, pedagogical testing.
(3) Vocational guidance - helps children and their parents in the vocational selection of children, on the basis of intelligence test, academic test, special aptitude test, gives information about aptitude test, school record, interest, aspiration etc. and Provides information on the labor sector of the state.
3. Brevet Zone M. The meaning of education is taken as-
(1) The process of change, which takes place in the individual
(2) to give information (instruction)
(3) Those conscious efforts which direct the person to be capable of physical, mental, emotional, moral development so that the person can be socially effective and personally satisfactory.
4. Secondary Education Commission - Guidance includes that difficult art of helping boys and girls, by which they plan their future wisely, keeping in view all the reasons, in the midst of which they have to work in the world.
5. Shirley Hamrin - Helping a person to identify himself in such a way that he can move forward in his life is called guidance.
6. Crow and Crow - Guidance does not mean giving direction, does not impose the point of view of one person on another, does not make decisions for the other person instead of taking the decision himself, nor does it carry the burden of another's life. On the contrary, by a competent and well-educated person, helping another person, irrespective of age group, to organize your life activities, develop your personal outlook, make your own decisions and bear your own burden. Actual direction.
7. Bears - Guidance is an original attempt to preserve the individual's innate individuals and abilities acquired through training. For this protection, he makes the person endowed with all those problems so that he can explore his highest powers for the satisfaction of himself and the society. On the basis of these definitions, we can say in the words of Thomas Risk- 'The purpose of guidance is to help students in solving their problems, generate problem solving ability i.e. self-direction. Guidance is needed in education related work. Through guidance, the ability to meet all the needs is generated in a particular student. Guidance is very important in education. Children are like soft plants and the power of imitation is more. If their position in education remains normal. If he and he is not given any kind of guidance, then his life-circle will not be useful to the society. If he gets guidance, then while he himself will be healthy (mentally, physically), at the same time he will also be very useful for the society.
Characteristics The elements of guidance are as follows:-
1. Guidance focuses on the individual, not the problem.
2. The search for abilities is done on the basis of the person's interest, aptitude, need, limitation, nature and ideals.
3. Leads to self-direction and self-development.
4. Confident about present and future.
5. Achieving success in business.
6. To generate the ability to adjust to the new situation.
7. To arrange counseling as required. Need for Guidance According to Savary and Telford- "Good guiding practices are those which enable a person to solve his own affairs and learn to make a living." Its purpose is not to make a person paralyzed, but to help him guide himself. The prestige of a person is the ultimate point of guidance. ,
The need for guidance is as follows:-
1. Individual Difference - Students from different environments come in each class in which individual differences are found. "Studying and adjusting these individual differences requires guidance." Due to compulsory education, children of every level of society have started coming to the schools, due to which the individual differences among the students of the class have started. The range has increased. For this increasing range there is an absolute need for guidance by which every student can be accommodated and his abilities can be developed to the maximum.
2. Change in the objectives of education - Today's education is going on almost the same pattern on which it was years ago. The basis of education is the all-round development of the individual, so the goal of guidance is to bring about a change in the aims of education. Changes in the aims of education can happen only when new aims and methods of education are developed on an individual basis through guidance.
3. Variation in work: Each person's power to do work is different. Such tasks, in which the child is not interested, all of them hinder his development. Their efficiency can be utilized properly only by guidance and their skill can be developed.
4. Industrialization - Guidance has developed along with such a technological process which has opened new doors for the development of man. In this context the objectives of the guidance are as follows
(1) To make the person capable of problem solving.
(2) To provide assistance for adjustment.
(3) To provide vocational and educational opportunities according to the qualification, ability.
(4) To acquaint the person with the abilities and capabilities inherent in him.
(5) To contribute to the development of the inherent characteristics of the individual. In the context of these objectives, Sarga-darshana has developed as a purposeful action method.
Its nature is as follows:-
1. It is related to both the individual and the group.
2. Its nature is multilateral.
3. Many methods are used in this.
4. It is both subjective and objective.
5. It seeks the progress of both the individual and the society.
6. This is problem focused.
7. It makes the person capable of self-direction, generates the capacity for adjustment and solves both immediate and long-term problems. Efficiency and work efficiency can be developed in the industrial sector by proper guidance of workers and technicians. The truth is that the proper determination of the child's ability is practically here for the future.
5. Development of Genius - School is a laboratory for the creation of human life. The development of the inherent powers in the child takes place in the school. Nowadays, due to group education, much attention is not paid to the individual differences of the children. Every child's ability to work is different. Through the facilities of guidance, the development of every child will be according to his ability and ability.
6. Development of human energy - Human power gets destroyed due to being engaged in various fields and it does not benefit him and the society. With guidance, all the powers of the individual are utilized in different fields, whose benefits are appropriately given to the society. Types of Guidance The field of guidance is very wide. It can be useful in all kinds of activities of a person.
There are three main types of guidance:-
1. Individual Guidance - Under personal guidance, separate guidance is given to the person. The person is made aware of his own problems and he is advised that if he adopts such and such methods then his life will be on the right track. Personal guidance is given to solve personal problems. The need for personal guidance is as follows
(1) Development of happiness and peace and contentment in personal life.
(2) Right decision to solve personal problems.
(3) Developing the ability of personal adjustment.
(4) Development of personal skills.
(5) Harmony in family and professional life.
(6) Reducing family and personal tensions.
Personal guidance in the field of education can be given as follows
(1) By providing opportunities for expression,
(2) By developing a sense of responsibility,
(3) By organizing games and curricular activities,
(4) By developing consciousness towards health,
(5) By developing human qualities,
(6) By developing cooperation and leadership among the children.
The main objective of personal guidance is to help in the balanced development of the individual. A person suffers from many types of problems and it becomes necessary to solve them. Diagnosis and treatment of the problem is done in it. For this, treatment is done by the methods of suggestion, attachment, refinement, re-education etc. Psychoanalysis and group therapy are used for complex problems.
2. Educational Guidance - Jones has defined educational guidance as follows- "Educational guidance refers to the personal assistance that is provided to the students so that they can choose the appropriate school curriculum for themselves, To be able to choose the curriculum and school life and make adjustments with them. ,
