What is meant by special education? Describe its purpose and principles.
Meaning of Special Education: The creation of the nature of special education keeping in mind the special needs of gifted children, services related to obstacles such as transport, medical, psychological assessment, physical, physical and vocational training and counseling etc. it occurs . The above resources are necessary in the field of special education, which is capable of making education more effective. Special Education - As Teaching The nature of special education can be seen in words like 'who', 'what', 'where' etc. The meaning of special education can be seen in the form of special needs, abilities and many individual education systems of special children. Specialized education is sometimes separated from general education on the basis of curriculum, having the responsibility of helping the needs of talented children like specialists, educationists, teachers, psychologists, speech trainers, animal botanists, medical etc. Like 'what' is taught. For example, teaching of tact and skill in self-help, training in reading and writing 'Braille' language is an important part of the curriculum for visually impaired children. The nature of knowledge disseminated to the students in specialized education institutions is different from the knowledge disseminated by general education institutions as the curriculum of special education is designed keeping in mind the individual needs. Because the nature of 'where' special education is different from general education, so it can be easily recognized. While general education takes place in ordinary classrooms, special education is given in resource-rich rooms, special education institutions or residential learning centers. The method of education of 'how' special education is different from the method of general education. Therefore special education can be easily identified. Under special education, the educationist can use sign language to understand the students. In other areas, academics can use task analysis and skillful training to teach retarded students. Apart from this, other specialized teachers can use process-training and various knowledge or multifaceted driven methods for the education of learning-disabled child.
(1) Efforts for improvement (Preventive Efforts) - To keep the nature of the problem possible when the children are seriously hampered.
(2) Remedial Programs - Children can be rid of physical defects through education or training.
(3) Compensatory Efforts - To try to give new means to the children to emerge from the physical handicap. Special education is a profession. It provides specialized education of various techniques and means to meet the specific needs of gifted children. It is planned, systematically and systematically implemented at the individual level and carefully developed instructions for gifted children through specialized education. For example, the success of gifted students in the present and future depends on the effectiveness of the developed instruction.
Objectives of Special Education
The objectives of appropriate special education and general education are the same - such as, through education to children, the upliftment of human resources, development of the country, reorganization of society, civic development, professional work efficiency etc. In addition to these objectives, special education also has some of the following special objectives:
(1) To pre-identify and assess the special needs of children with physical defects.
(2) In case of physical defects, before they reach a serious condition, to take measures for their prevention in advance. To educate children through innovative methods of working keeping in mind the learning problems of the children.
(3) To explain to the parents of the physically injured about the skills and efficiency and to take safety and preventive measures about the problems and shortcomings of the children.
(4) To give information about the educational problems of physically handicapped children and to prepare group organization for improvement.
(5) Rehabilitation of physically handicapped persons.
(6) Determination of self and living matrices systematically in the National Policy of Education' 1986-92.
Principles of Special Education Special education is based on the following principles
(1) Individual differences are of two types: (a) difference between two persons (b) man's distinction from himself. In other words, some students are quite different from other students in most of the qualities, who have a special inclination towards education. Special education needs of such students should be fulfilled through special education.
(2) No one is rejected (No one is Rejected) - All physically handicapped children should get free proper education. The option of accepting or rejecting a child in general education institutions is not in the system of any school.
(3) Non-Derininatory Education - Such students should be identified who feel the need of special education so that the proper form of education given to them can be ensured. Each student should have an individual test. Thereafter all the students should be placed from the program of specific education. From time to time the difficulties, problems and progress of such children should also be examined.
(4) Individualized Education Programs - Individualized education programs should be given to the students who need special education either from specific classes or in the resource-rich rooms related to them. Should be in accordance with the requirements. Programmed instruction can also be used.
(5) Controlled Environment (Restrictive Environment) - As far as possible, the education of physically challenged children and normal children should be done together in the same room. This class can be general. The normal room provides minimum disturbing environment to the disrupted students.
(6) Special Process - This process shows that the parents of physically challenged children have full right to determine and analyse the school system where children can be given education as per their requirement. If the parents are dissatisfied with the functioning of the educational institution, then they can get the children out of that institution and get admission in any other suitable educational institution. Where the programs of education are appropriate and according to the needs of the children as compared to the first institution.
(7) Parental Participation - If the parents of physically handicapped children also take interest in the teaching programs, then specific learning programs can be made more effective.
