Who is a child with learning disabilities? Describe their characteristics. Meaning of Learning Disabled Children
Such difficulty in the field of education of children is a mystery, that is, a mystery. This problem is not new to the education industry, but the concept of learning disability has an incomplete history. Some children appear normal, but at almost every period they report learning problems. He is not able to write the sequence of letters well, but writes it in reverse. For example, food is written as Nakha, Ram is killed etc. Such children cannot concentrate their attention on words. If there is noise or noise around the children, then the chances of errors become more because the child is not fully focused. The National Advisory Committee on Children with Disabilities in America has defined severe disability as: Children with learning disabilities show defects in one or more psychological functions. These defects are related to writing, speaking or understanding language. The faults are based on hearing, thinking, communication, reading, writing, spelling, expressing expressions and maths related numbers etc. It also includes such conditions of the child which are related to problems like brain injury, brain not functioning properly, dyslexia or aphasia growth etc. It does not include learning problems, which do not affect the child's physical, auditory vision, mental retardation, non-functioning of hands and feet, emotional disturbance or any kind of lack or unsuitable problems in the environment in any way. . That is, the above problems are not found in such children.
Definition of Learning Disability According to the National Advisory Committee on Disabilities of America (1968), the definition of "incapacity" is given as follows: "learning" specific learning disability of children in writing or speaking language by the child, psychological processes In this, one or more than one system is not able to work smoothly. The main basis of such deficiencies are found to be weakness in listening, speaking, understanding, thinking, reading, writing, calculations and making various spelling defects of words. This type of disability also refers to the development of a physical impairment such as dyslexia or aphasia, which is included in it. It does not include learning problems. It is caused due to the lack of proper environment. "Which mainly affects vision, learning, extremities, mental retardation, emotional disturbance or •
Characteristics of LD Children with Learning Disabilities
Several attempts have been made to classify the main characteristics of children with learning disabilities. Clements (1966) studied children with learning disabilities in detail. He hypothesized that learning disabilities are due to defects of the mental and nerves or some kind of damage to the nervous system.
Most of the following characteristics were found in such children, which are as follows
(1) Language and Speech of LD Children Learning disability Children have difficulty in understanding language and expressing emotion. Expressing language expressions is more difficult than language learning. Children with learning disabilities do not have difficulty in hearing and speaking words clearly, but such children have difficulty in forming sentences or combining sentences. Such children do not have difficulty in understanding the meaning or feeling of elaborate sentences or in using pronouns. They have difficulty in understanding and using passive sentences, negative and past tense sentences. Apart from this, there is also difficulty in adjectives and adverbs. They fail to communicate and are hesitant to argue or ask questions etc. As far as written language is concerned, they find it difficult to do handwritten work. Children with learning disabilities have more difficulty than normal children in the work related to spelling and grammar of words, while they have control over their intelligence level.
(1) Children with learning disabilities do not have the courage to hear and receive words, to understand expressions, to ask the teacher to repeat them if they do not understand any thought or word.
(2) There is also difficulty in receiving and seeing that word, that is, reading it by speaking and without understanding the expressions, there is also difficulty in reading.
(3) They do not have the ability to explain the expressions by speaking, that is, to combine sentences or words and even such children are not able to express their thoughts.
(4) The problem of body parts (hands/feet) can be clearly seen in them. Such children do not have the ability to understand the spelling of words, forgetting words completely, order of letters, etc. Language skills are lacking.
2. Perceptual and Motor Ability in Children with Learning Disabilities Learner (1985) clearly stated that in children with learning disabilities, there is a distinction between location related and relationships in different places, seeing pictures and numbers in maths, Listening to words or sentences, sorting them and remembering the things heard etc. They also have problems with work. Apart from this, Lerner has also given the fact about children with learning disabilities that such children lack social knowledge and related understanding. Such children have problems with physical skills, artistic, anatomical and physical reflection and cannot imitate geometrical compositions.
(1) Such children are unable to recognize, differentiate and understand any object by the senses.
(2) are unable to make geometrical figures, have difficulty in interpretation
(3) Unable to recognize sound, there is difficulty in understanding hearing sound, are unable to recognize any object by touching it.
(4) Incapable of being perceived by the senses. Such children are unable in the area of orientation of the place, directions, co-ordination of objects, moving from one place to another, thinking about an object, ability to acquire language etc.
(a) Motor Activity - Changes take place in these activities according to the physical action. The following are their descriptions.
(B) Emotional activity (Hyper activity) - are not emotionally stable. Unable to remain calm in one state, talking too much in class or talking careless about work Words opposite of affective verb - lazy, quiet, indifferent.
(c) Incoordination in body parts – Physical deformity, loss of coordination of arms/legs or body parts, reduction in the functions of running, walking, grasping an object, jumping, writing, drawing, drawing, art etc. Slipping or falling while walking and misbehaving with others.
(d) Preservation - Continuation of inattentive behavior, such behavior can be seen in speaking, writing, art, oral reading, errors in spelling of words and repeating errors again and again.
(3) Social and Emotional Characdteristis of Lis Children: Such children are not easily attracted to other people and they also withdraw themselves. Such children find it difficult to interact with the social person as well as with their parents and teachers. Such children also have problems with social skills and their behavior, most of the children with precocious learning have very little internal consciousness about their personal problems and they are left to fate. In such children, the level of their thinking and understanding is low. Thoughts to move forward or progress in life are of low level and walk on the path of life with the help of outsiders and things.
(1) Such people are quiet and obedient, they cannot read and also dream during the day. ,
2) In spite of no apparent reason, such children get more anger, which can take the form of an explosion.
(3) Such children are physically weak and have difficulty in fixing their attention on a particular point.
(4) Such children change quickly from one object to another and keep their attention on the work being done by others, but not on themselves.
(5) He talks about control himself, but cannot work with other children.
(6) He is emotionally unstable. The main reason for the emotionality in such children is found to be dependent on the parents and lack of relation with the outside world. Due to this there is a feeling of suffocation in the children. Children with learning disabilities form heterogeneous groups. Some children have difficulty in reading and some have difficulty in writing. While some children face problems in understanding and detailed things, some have problems in spending time and finding a place on the map. Thus, it can be concluded that the characteristics of the problems of children with learning disabilities cannot be explained easily. In general, the problems of such children are also the following
1. Ability Level - The ability level of such children is around the average. This child may be below or above the normal ability level.
2. Activity Level - In children with learning disabilities, the functional level is either very high or very low. If the functional level of a speaker is very high, then the characteristics of his behavior are as follows. The hand/feet or any other part of the body remains in motion without stopping. Such children cannot sit still, sit from one seat to another in the class, keep patting the fingers of the hands or feet, except one task and start doing other work and if the functional level of a child is the opposite i.e. the child If it is of low level of functional level, then that child remains completely calm, does not express his reaction to any task, and does every task very slowly.
3. Attention Problems - A child with learning disabilities concentrates on a work area for a very short time. Their mind cannot remain focused on any task for a long period of time. His attention wanders from time to time. Their attention becomes focused on some task, which is to be done again and again. This function can be related to oral or physical part.
4. Functional problem of hands, feet or body parts - Children with learning disabilities are deformed and deformed. Their arms, legs, body parts are not able to work properly in harmony. The art and handwriting of such children are very unclear. They are not skilled in behavior and ethics and need more touch
5. Visual Perceptual Problems - Children with learning disabilities are unable to see the difference between different objects. If two things are shown to those who are not alike, then they are unable to understand the difference between the two things. They are not able to understand the shape properly. Shape and background If such children are shown a word or a part of an object, that is, half the object or word is shown, then they are unable to complete it. Visual proximity is the ability to remember objects and if different objects are shown to them in some order, then they do not remember the order of objects and visual memory is also less.
6. Auditory Perceptual Problem - Children with learning disabilities are not able to differentiate between different sounds. He is also unable to make sense of the words spoken. Are unable to recognize different types of sounds in the environment. If any one of the various objects which produce sound is placed in front of them and all the other things are kept hidden, even then they cannot recognize the difference in sound. If some part of a word is spoken, then such children cannot read that word in its entirety. They are unable to remember the sound of a heard word or object and cannot remember the levels of different sounds.
7. Language Problems - The development of speaking words by precocious children is very slow or happens after a long time. They are unable to speak words clearly and are not able to form sentences by rhyming the words. He is unable to rhyme two or more sentences.
8. Social Emotional Behavior Problems - Children with learning disabilities are emotional in nature. They fail to think and understand the consequences of their behaviour. Sometimes the behavior of such children is emotional ie they can pick up and throw objects . Or you can break it. They have less sense of social adjustment. Considering the age and ability of such children, they have very low practicality with the society. They cannot change themselves according to the circumstances when the circumstances change. The behavior, thinking etc. of such children keep on changing from time to time.
9. Orientation Problems - The pace of development of place perception in children with learning disabilities is very slow. They have difficulty in distinguishing the size, shape of objects, estimating the distance between two objects, understanding about the right and left side of an object. They do not have complete knowledge of words related to time (like before, after and now, then or today and tomorrow) and find difficulty in it.
10. Work Habits - Children with learning disabilities have problems in work coordination or work arrangement and these children are weak in work arrangement. He works at a slow pace. While doing work, they deviate from the direction of doing that work and do the work carelessly.
11. Academic Disability - Children with learning disabilities face problems in reading, writing, maths numbers, spelling of words and telling time and finding a place on the map. In general it can be said that children with learning disabilities have the following characteristics, but not all learning disabilities have the above characteristics. Some children may have one or more of these characteristics.
