What do you understand by juvenile delinquency? What are the reasons for this? What will you do to stop this trend? • What do you understand by Delinquency ? What are its causes ? What measures will you adopt to check this tendency ? Or who is the delinquent child? What measures will you take as a teacher to improve his habits and character? Who is a delinquent child ? What measures as a teacher , would you adopt in order to improve his habits and character ? Or what work can the family and society do to prevent child crime? Justify your answer with suitable examples. What function can be performed by the family and society to prevent delinquency ? Support your answer with suitable examples .
Delinquent Children The category of specific children also includes Delinquents. Child crimes have a lot of importance in the field of education. Delinquency is related to all aspects of the personality of the child, such as social side, emotional side and mental side. If the child fails to make adjustments in either side, then that child becomes a juvenile offender. Therefore special attention is required in this direction. What is juvenile delinquency? ( What is Delinquency ? ) Delinquency literally means - To deviate or fall away from the normal path.
Holly (according to Healy, "A child who deviates from the social norms in behavior or deviates from it, is called a child offender".
"Cyril Burt," that child is legally called a criminal when his anti-social actions become so serious that the government takes necessary action to control them or feels the need to take action. Is .
According to Newmeyer, “Many types of anti-social behavior which lead to personal and social disintegration, are called Wall Crimes.
"According to Cole, "The Wall offender is one in which the basic instinctual motivators are strong and the consciousness is weak." His ego is pacified by instant satisfaction. He does not accept normal behavior patterns.
According to Head field, “Child crime means anti-social behavior.
"Valentine-" Broadly speaking, the word 'Wal offence' refers to a breach of any law.
A "Skinner-Wall" offense is defined as a violation of any law which, when committed by an adult, is an offense.
Claus meier and Goodwin - A juvenile delinquent is a child or youth who repeatedly commits acts which are punishable as offences.
"Good-" Any child, whose behavior is so different from the normal social behavior that he can be called anti-social, is a criminal.
"It is clear from the above definitions that juvenile delinquency is the behavior against the set values and beliefs which children exhibit at a young age. It is difficult to fix the age limit for the juvenile delinquent. But this category includes juvenile delinquents. They are also called juvenile delinquents. Their actions include crimes such as stealing, gambling, cutting jewels, damage to property, etc. Every society has to face the danger of child crime. If steps are not taken according to time, then in this way, Causes of Delinquency - Psychologist considers child delinquency as the result of emotional conflicts. Wants to get rid of conflicts. Emotional conflict arises when unable to adjust to the environment. Apart from emotional conflicts, there are many other reasons which encourage child delinquency. These reasons are due to the child's family, academic Courts are related to community, social environment and psychological background, which are described as follows. ,
(1) Hereditary Causes
( 2 ) Environmental Causes
(i) Home Environment
(ii) School Environment
(iii) Social Environment
(3) Constitutional and Physiological Causes
( ) Psychological Causes
I. Hereditary Causes - It has become clear from all the studies related to inheritance that there is also a role of inheritance in the crimes.
The study of the Duke family by Dug dale confirms this fact and many more studies confirm this fact. But some psychologists have concluded from their studies that inheritance alone is not responsible for child delinquency. These scholars include William Healy, Cyril Burt, Wing field etc. These people are of the opinion that the environment is equally a participant in child crime. Therefore, inheritance can be considered as a contributory element, not the root cause.
2. Environmental Causes - In the context of heredity and environment, there is a clear indication that not only inheritance is responsible for the development of the child, but the environment also plays an important role. Environment also contributes to child crimes. The environment is of different types. (i) Home Environment - First of all the child grows up in the home environment, where he learns everything. Therefore, its effect on the development of the child is natural. Many times children turn in the wrong direction due to poor environment at home. The following reasons leave their effect in contaminating the environment of the house.
(1) Parents should not have control over the parents.
(2) Domestic fights.
(3) The separation or death of one of the parents in the family
(4) Family poverty
(6) Partisan attitude of parents with children at home
(6) Not paying attention to the interests of the children.
(7) Not to provide necessary freedom to the children.
(8) The problem of unemployment of children
(9) Having step parents.
(10) Other members of the household being guilty.
(11) Parents being immoral.
(12) Due to the physical and mental defects of the parents, such as being blind, lunatic, handicapped.
(13) Not being able to meet the needs of the children
(14) Due to the presence of more children in the families. ,
16) Place of children in the family The above factors encourage child crimes by having their effect on the home and family environment.
(ii) School Environment – The child enters the school environment after leaving home or family. The school environment is ideal for the child in many ways. The school teacher finds him full of qualities. He tries to follow her. He applies the things learn ed in school in daily use. If the environment of the school itself will be polluted then its adjustment will also start getting polluted. Therefore, the polluted environment of the school also encourages juvenile delinquency. There are many aspects of the school environment, which are as follows: Individual Differences - It is very important to study the individual differences of children in schools. If their individual differences are not taken care of, they can lead to juvenile delinquency. Lack of Co-curricular Activities - Lack of co-curricular activities in schools can also be a cause of child crime because their emotional development is not possible due to lack of sports and other entertainments in schools and They become partners in activities like juvenile delinquency. Lack of Guidance in Schools – Children need guidance at the school level. Due to its lack, they deviate from the right path. Therefore, they need guidance at every step.
Behavior of Teacher and Teaching Methods Lack of sympathy towards children in schools and faulty teaching methods are also responsible for child crime. Sometimes children drop out of school due to this reason. Sometimes there is a habit of running away from school (truancy). It is important. Where is the school located, how far is it from the children's homes etc. Situation of Schools - Situation of Schools In schools located far away, parents cannot keep any kind of eye on the children. Children do their own thing. Many a times they get engrossed in bad deeds by running away from schools. Watching movies, going to hotels and having fun etc. becomes their routine.
Examinations - Nowadays many children also commit crimes due to examinations. Beating the teachers, killing the teachers, etc. are due to these. They want to pass the exam at all cost even if they have to take any unethical step for this.
Strict Discipline - Due to strict discipline in schools, there is a possibility of child-crime. Therefore, in today's era, with a view to bring the desired change in the behavior of the child, instead of punishment, work should be done with love and sympathy.
Excessive Home Work - Due to excessive homework, the child stops going to school and he starts lying. Due to excessive homework, he remains under stress all the time and his nature becomes angry and irritable.
(iii) Social Environment - The environment of the community is very important after the environment of home and school. Nowadays, even in this modern age, parents look for houses in the best community for the healthy development of their children. Taking care of the neighbourhood. While getting the house constructed, take care of its condition. Today's social environment has become so polluted that it is difficult to save the child from its effect, yet every effort should be made that the child does not go in the wrong direction. If seen in a way, then the role of society in the formation of the personality of the child cannot be underestimated in the family, because ultimately his personality and the school have to be developed according to the social values. In the family, the parents have control over the walker; Teachers keep control in the school but there is no such member in the society who can control the unwanted activities of the child quickly and effectively. From this point of view, society plays an important role in the child becoming a criminal.
3. Constitutional and Physiological Causes - Prof. According to Uday Shankar, "Physical condition or weakness, very short or big stature, defects in body parts, etc. often give rise to inferiority complex in children. As a result, they become more aggressive to compensate for their shortcomings and commit crimes. But scientific evidence could not gather enough to support this point. But everyone agrees that due to lack of physical development and development of sex glands, children are compelled to commit sexual offense . "
4. Psychological Causes - Child delinquency also has psychological causes. These include mental retardation of children, development of glands, emotional instability and mental diseases etc. Sometimes people with high intelligence also become juvenile delinquents. Therefore, it is not necessary that mental retardation leads to child crimes. Prevention of Delinquency - The problem of child crime can take a very serious form if it is not controlled at the right time. Therefore, it is very important to prevent it.
Prevention of juvenile delinquency can be done in two ways
(1) To Adopt Preventive Measures
(2) To Adopt Curative Measures 1. Preventive Measures - The following steps can be taken for the prevention of child crime so that in future no child becomes a criminal. Reforms in Home Environment - By making necessary improvements in the polluted environment of the family, the problem of child crime can be faced. To improve the family environment, it is very necessary to remove unnecessary tension in the relationship between parents, educate illiterate parents, and get rid of the bad deeds of parents who are involved in immoral activities. Meeting the needs of the children in the family, democratic environment of the family, non-partisan behavior etc. are helpful in making the family environment healthy. Healthy family environment discourages crime.
Reforms in School Environment - Child crimes can be controlled by improving the school environment like family. For this, the management of library and reading room, sweet and non-discriminatory behavior to the teacher, freedom of children, clean examination system, guidance, flexible curriculum, religious and moral education and organization of teacher-parent associations, improvement in teaching methods and healthy entertainment. Management etc. can contribute in improving the school environment. These efforts will definitely improve the school environment. As a result, there will be a reduction in the crime. The clean environment of the school will stabilize the emotional development of the child, which is necessary for the prevention of juvenile delinquency.
Reforms in Social Environment - Recognized.. organization's can contribute a lot to improve the environment of the society. The role of libraries in the society is also very important. Dirty and industrial settlements should be kept away from the city because according to psychology, such settlements give rise to child crimes. Screening of healthy films and healthy and pure political life in the society can control child crimes. Along with this, arrangements should be made to keep children away from anti-social elements.
2. Curative Measures - Corrective efforts include those steps which relieve the juvenile delinquents from their criminal life. Retardation, Development of Glands, Emotional Un stability and Mental Includes Mental Diseases etc. Sometimes people with high intelligence also become juvenile delinquents. Therefore, it is not necessary that mental retardation leads to child crimes. Prevention of Delinquency - The problem of child crime can take a very serious form if it is not controlled at the right time. Therefore, it is very important to prevent it. Prevention of juvenile delinquency can be done in two ways
( Psychological Methods) - Before treating child offenders, we should find out the offenders by various examinations. Methods like physical examination, psychological test and interview etc. can be used. For that we should make necessary changes in his environment in which he is living. His needs should be met. Parents also have to change their attitude towards these children. Full sympathy and sweet behavior should be shown with the criminals. Sometimes such juvenile delinquents should be removed from their polluted environment and placed in a new environment, such as correctional homes made for children, etc.
Mental Therapy: By this method, the tensions and conflicts of the mind of the children are removed indirectly, but by this one problem is cured and there is a possibility of creating another stressful situation.
Psycho-analytic Method: By this method the unconscious mind of the juvenile delinquents is analyze. By this their suppressed desires and emotions can be detected and treated. But this method requires a lot of time. The cooperation of the children is also needed more, without this this method cannot be successful because many times the child delinquent is not able to display the suppressed desires.
Children's Court (Special Juvenile Courts) - Special children's court can be arranged for the criminals in which specially trained judges are appointed. There should be a system to send criminals to correctional homes instead of sending them to jail and there they should be trained in socially beneficial work.
Reform - Arrangement of Schools - Reform - The system of schools will be a big step in this direction. In these types of schools, there is also provision for the education of criminal children and some environment remains like prison. Teachers are also specially trained in these. Their curriculum is flexible. More emphasis is given on handicrafts and there is a complete arrangement for the entertainment of the children. By following the above measures, substantial success can be achieved in the work related to the prevention and improvement of juvenile delinquency. Some of these steps have also been taken and their effect has also been seen.
