What is meant by handicapped child? In the context of their problems, how will you arrange their education? What is meant by disabled or Handicapped Children ? In the reference of their problems what educational provisions will you make for such children ?
Answer: Disabled Children $ (Disabled or Handicapped Children) In the category of special children (Exceptional Children), there is a main category of Disabled Children or disabled children or disabled children. By up children, we mean those people who are normal or normal drivers, mentally, physically or emotionally defective. That is, the child who has any physical, mental, emotional and social deficiency or two as compared to normal children, due to which his achievements remain incomplete, is called handicapped or handicapped child. Some definitions are as follows, according to Crow and Crow - "A child who has such a physical defect that in any way prevents or limits him from participating in ordinary activities, we can call such a child a handicapped child.
“D.G. Force is of the view that “when the child does not get social acceptance due to difficulties arising out of physical defects, then the psychological defects arising from it also increase.”
a . Adler has written that - "A child who suffers from physical defects develops a feeling of inferiority. From such a feeling, the child gets some satisfaction and happiness, he can compensate for it by getting prestige, eminence or fame. He wants to do this, he gets satisfaction from this which is due to his physical defects.
" • Disabled children can be divided into the following categories: 1. Physically Handicapped Children - Physically handicapped children are those in whom there is a physical defect and that defect is at some point in their work. Obstructs any kind. This error can be more or less. There are many types of physically handicapped people. Their classification is as follows.
(1) The Crippled Child
(3) The Deaf and Hard of Hearing
(2) The Blind and Near Blind
(4) The Defective in Speech
(5) The Delicate Children
2. Mentally Handicapped Children - In this type of children, it is done on the basis of stupid, low intelligence or slow learner. Children count. These children are classified according to the children's IQ (I.Q.).
3. Emotionally Handicapped or Socially Handicapped Children - In this category, delinquent or delinquents are counted i.e. children who are emotionally and socially maladjusted. Problems of Disabled or Handicapped Children, they are mentally handicapped or handicapped, such children have to face different types of problems, children are handicapped, blind, half blind, completely deaf or incomplete deaf or facing It only happens. These problems of such children need special attention. As a result of physical defects, children have to face many problems related to adjustment in every field. Emotional maturity does not come in such disabled children. These children develop inferiority complexes and do not participate in most of the activities. They have to suppress their desires. This thing also goes home in their mind that other people also consider them insignificant. As a result of such thoughts, their emotional balance is not stable, due to which they are not able to adjust themselves to other children. Therefore, teachers should consider sympathetically the problems related to the adjustment of handicapped or handicapped. Physically handicapped children have to face the problem of sitting in the classroom. Special type of chair-table should be arranged for such children to sit in the class so that they do not face any kind of inconvenience while working in the class. Similarly, blind and semi-blind children also have to face the problem of sitting in the classroom. They should be placed so far away from the blackboard that the words written on the blackboard are clearly visible to them. Complete or incomplete deaf have to face the problem of hearing. Children with hearing loss should be kept with normal children so that they can learn something by imitating the lip movements of other children. Such children are often of aggressive nature. Therefore special treatment is needed with such children. Children who have speech defects should be given speech training. The words should be called repeatedly. Children with faulty speech have to face the problem of inferiority complex. Therefore, a sympathetic approach should be adopted towards such children.
Similarly, mentally handicapped children have to face the main problems related to adjustment, such as Adjustment at Home,
Adjustment in Schools,
Adjustment in Society.
Mentally handicapped child feels himself maladjusted in home, school and society. He starts getting frustrated with his failures and he starts getting frustrated. In the eyes of other people, he remains as a low standard. He does not take interest in other activities in school. He also lags behind in social development. Apart from the problem of adjustment, such children also have to face emotional problems and problems of physical and mental development. Such children cannot mature emotionally. Their mental development is also not like that of normal children. It is necessary for the teachers and parents to pay attention to the above problems so that such handicapped children can be properly adjusted in the home, school and society and they can stand on their feet without becoming a burden on anyone. Education of Disabled or Handicapped Children Education of physically handicapped children is not possible with normal children. These disabled children have to face various problems related to learning and adjustment. As a result of these problems, children develop Inferiority Feelings. Therefore, children with disabilities from different perspectives require special educational facilities. The following is a description of special education arrangements for persons with disabilities from different perspectives.
1. Education of the Crippled - Due to physical defects in crippled or handicapped children, they make normal use of different parts of their body. and these defects hinder their work. Such defects occur in the bones, glands or joints of children, which arise due to accident or disease. The IQ (I.Q.) of disabled children may be low or high. The following special provisions should be made for the education of such children:
(1) The mental level of handicapped children is similar to that of normal children. Therefore, they should be given opportunities to get education and mental development along with them.
(2) According to their physical defects, there should be a chair-table arrangement for their sitting.
(3) They should also get training in special trades so that they do not become a burden on others. Their physical defects should be taken care of.
(4) Children with disabilities should be referred to the doctors of the disabled so that the chances of recovery through the operation of the disabled limbs can be availed. For these artificial limbs should be arranged. For this work it is very important to educate the parents of children with disabilities.
(5) Children with disabilities should be taught to change their attitude about their error and encouraged to increase contact with other ordinary people.
(6) Emotional adjustment of disabled children is very important. Removal of inferiority complex in their mind should be the central aim of education.
2. Education of the Blind and Near Blind - For the education of completely blind or half-blind children, the teacher should make the following efforts
(1) If their blindness can be cured by any spectacle, then arrangements should be made for them.
(2) Totally blind children cannot follow the normal teaching method nor can they learn in the same way with normal children. So they should be sent to other schools. There, special methods are used for the education of such children.
(3) For these, thick type books should be used. (4) There should be proper arrangement of air and light in the classrooms of such children.
(5) The writing and reading habits of these children should be improved.
(6) Black board should be clearly written so that these children can read the material written on them properly. Also, the place of the blackboards should be at such a distance that there is no pressure on the eyes of the children.
(7) Completely or incompletely blind children should be trained in some manual work instead of bookish knowledge.
3. Education of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing - Absolutely deaf children are those who do not hear at all. They are either deaf from birth or due to some disease they become deaf. Many children listen but few listen. Such children are also not able to learn like normal children. They should have the following systems of education
(1) Special types of schools should be arranged for deaf children. In these schools, training is given by special techniques. There is also a system of such schools in many cities, such as Gurgaon, Rohtak, Delhi etc. The education of the parents of such children is also necessary. One such school is John Tracy's Clinic in Los Angeles, USA, which provides such training by mail.
(2) There should be no separate schools for deaf children because such children can learn and learn a lot from the lips of the teachers.
(3) Good relations should be established between such children and teachers so that teachers can give personal attention to their adjustment.
4. Education of Defective in Speech - Defective speech includes defects such as stammering, stuttering, speaking very slowly or speaking in a very loud voice or not speaking at all. Speaking ambiguous is also included in speech defect. Due to these defects, it is natural for children to have inferiority complex, lack of self-confidence, emotional instability etc. Therefore, it is very important to arrange special education for such children. For this the following steps can be taken
(e) They should be treated sympathetically.
(2) The wrong habits of study should be controlled.
(3) Defects eligible for surgical operation should be treated surgically.
(4) Special words should be uttered repeatedly.
(5) Sometimes children who do not speak at all, either do not hear at all or they hear less. There is a close relationship between speaking and listening. Therefore, by making such children capable of being heard by hearing aids, their speech can be improved.
(6) Children should be given proper training in speaking.
5. Education of the Delicate Children - Such children do not have any disease or any physical defect in them, but their health is not so strong. They have to take special care of health. The reason for this weakness is faulty upbringing, unbalanced diet or attack of contagious diseases. For the education of such children, there should be a provision for medical examination and psychological method of teaching. Balanced diet and healthy upbringing are necessary for such children.
6. Education of Mentally Handicapped - The following suggestions for the education of mentally handicapped children
(1) Special attention should be given by the teacher.
(2) It is necessary to educate the parents of mentally retarded children.
(3) There should be special schools or hospitals for such children.
(4) Special teaching methods should be adopted for the education of these children because general methods of teaching are injurious to these children.
(5) The curriculum for retarded children or mentally handicapped children should also be of a special kind. It can be beneficial for them to be trained in some handicraft.
7. Education of Emotionally and Socially Handicapped Children – The following suggestions have been given for the education and treatment of emotionally and socially handicapped children.
(1) The family environment of these children should be improved.
(2) It is necessary to improve the school environment.
(3) It is necessary to improve the social environment.
(4) Psychological methods should be used for the treatment of these children.
(5) They should be treated by mental therapy so that their mental tension and conflicts can be removed.
(6) There should be special children's courts for them where cases of malpractices or juvenile offenders should be decided. Having Reformatory Schools for malpractices can also prove to be very beneficial. Through the above subjects, the teacher can contribute in arranging the education and treatment of different types of disabled children.
